About Second Impact Syndrome
When a repeat concussion occurs before the brain recovers from the first injury, children and teens may be at risk for developing second impact syndrome. The second impact can occur days or weeks after the first concussion. It is more likely to cause brain swelling and other widespread damage, and it can be fatal.
People who sustain one concussion are three times more likely to sustain a second concussion than are people who have not experienced a concussion. Repeat concussions, regardless of the severity, can increase the risk of post-concussion symptoms such as headaches, memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Chances of these symptoms occurring are even higher if the second injury is sustained before healing from the first has taken place.
Role of ImPACT
Recognition and management of concussions in athletes can be difficult, making the role of ImPACT assessment even more crucial. Concussion symptoms vary widely—and in the case of milder concussions, symptoms frequently go unnoticed by the child and family. Children themselves may not understand the potential consequences of concussion and often minimize or deny common symptoms, such as brief loss of consciousness, confusion or dizziness, so they can return to everyday activities.
ImPACT testing, along with evaluation by a physician or nurse practitioner, can help determine when a child may safely return to school, sports and other normal activities. By comparing a child's baseline (pre-injury) ImPACT score with his or her post-injury score, healthcare providers can accurately determine when an injury’s symptoms have been resolved. This may be days, weeks or even months after the initial concussion.
